Minimally invasive spinal injection techniques are an important part of comprehensive spine care. Although morbidity from these procedures is generally low, complications such as permanent neurological damage and death have been reported. These procedures are currently performed in various settings, including physicians' offices, ambulatory surgery centers, and operating rooms. Spine interventionists from both anesthesia and non-anesthesia backgrounds must now be prepared to provide care for any unforeseen emergencies resulting from spine injections. Emergency Protocols by Richard Rosenthal, MD and the International Pain and Spine Intervention Society's Education Division serves as a guide to handle common emergency situations.

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