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Procedure-Related Risks and Contraindications

ESI and Associated Risks

• Preservative vs. Preservative-Free: Steroid Choice for Epidural Steroid Injections
• Preprocedural Serum Glucose Cutoff for Steroid Injections
• Epidural Steroid Injection in Patients with Severe Cervical Stenosis
• Epidural Steroid Injection in Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
• Epidural Steroid Injections for Radicular Pain Due to Spinal Stenosis Caused by Lipomatosis
• Annual Maximum Dose of Epidural Steroid Injection
• Cumulative Lifetime Exposure via Epidural Administration
• Frequency of Epidural Steroid Injections
• Steroid Injections and Hyperglycemia
• Increased Fracture Risk Associated with Epidural Steroid Injections
• Epidural Steroid Injections and Risk of Lumbar Surgical Site Infection
• Postpartum Steroid Exposure
• Systemic Effects of Epidural Corticosteroid Injection
• Safety of Multilevel or Bilateral CTFESI
• Minimizing CILESI Risks
• Mitigating Risks with Cervical Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injections – the Role of Preprocedural Review of Advanced Imaging (MRI and CT)
• Strategies to Minimize Risk in Lumbar Transforaminal Injections: Imaging and Injectate
• Risk of Neurological Complications Due to Vascular Infarction Associated with Particulate Steroid in Interlaminar ESI
• Particulates vs. Non-Particulates: Steroid Choice for Lumbar Transforaminal Injections – 2017 Update
  

RFN and Related Risks

• Minimizing Risk With Basivertebral Nerve Radiofrequency Neurotomy: Preprocedural Imaging Recommendations
• Does Lumbar Medial Branch Radiofrequency Neurotomy Cause Multifidus Atrophy?
• Motor Stimulation Testing in Lumbar Radiofrequency Neurotomy
• Preventing External Skin Burns During Thermal Radiofrequency Neurotomy
• Radiofrequency Neurotomy in Patients with Implanted Devices
• Radiofrequency Neurotomy in Patients with Permanent Pacemakers and Defibrillators
• Radiofrequency Neurotomy in Patients with Posterior Spinal Hardware
• Inadvertent Internal Skin Burn Caused by Radiofrequency Electrodes During Ablation Procedures
• Internal Skin Burn Due to Novel Radiofrequency Ablation Technology
• The Safety of Genicular Nerve Radiofrequency Ablation

Spinal Cord Stimulation and Associated Risks

• Spinal Cord Stimulation Patients with Permanent Pacemakers and Defibrillators
• Spinal Cord Stimulator Trial Lead Migration

Other Procedures and Associated Risks

• Preprocedural Serum Glucose Cutoff for Steroid Injections
• Complications from Intradiscal Biologic Intervention
• Steroid Injections and Hyperglycemia
• Complications of Lumbar Facet Synovial Cyst Rupture
• Minimizing Risks with Stellate Ganglion Blocks

Injectate- and Medication-Related Risks and Contraindications

Anesthetic Agents and Risks

• Preservative vs. Preservative-Free: Steroid Choice for Epidural Steroid Injections
• Anesthetic Risks
• Anesthetic Test Dose and Seizure Risk
• Chondrotoxicity: Which Local Anesthetics are Safest for Intraarticular Injection?
  
• Risks of Precipitate Formation When Combining Corticosteroids with Local Anesthetic for Use During Interventional Pain Procedures

Antithrombotics and Associated Risks

• Anticoagulants and Antiplatelets for Lumbar Medial Branch Blocks
• Anticoagulants and Antiplatelet Agents for Cervical Medial Branch Blocks
• Anticoagulants and Antiplatelet Agents for Cervical Medial Branch Radiofrequency Neurotomy
• Anticoagulants and Antiplatelet Agents for Lumbar Medial Branch Radiofrequency Neurotomy
• Anticoagulant and Spine Interventions
• Anticoagulants for Lumbar Epidural Steroid Injections
• Antiplatelet Therapy and Lumbar Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injections
• Risk of Bleeding with NANSAIDs Before Spine Procedures
• “Safe” Cutoff for Platelet Count Prior to Interlaminar Epidural Access

Imaging and Contrast Media

• Radiation Safety for Interventional Spine Procedures

Imaging and Guidance Techniques

• Digital Subtraction Imaging for Transforaminal Injections
• Ultrasound Guidance for Intra-articular Sacroiliac Joint Injections
• Ultrasound Imaging for Cervical Injections
• Mitigating Risks with Cervical Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injections – the Role of Preprocedural Review of Advanced Imaging (MRI and CT)

Contrast Media and Preprocedural Measures

• GBCM and Spinal Injection Procedures
• Contrast Medium
• Premedication for Contrast Allergies

Infection Prevention, General Procedural Safety, and Post-Procedure Care

Aseptic Technique and Infection Prevention

• Hand Hygiene
• Masks, Gowns, and Caps
• Use of Sterile Gloves for Interventional Pain Procedures
• Antibiotics for Disc Access
• Antibiotics for Spinal Cord Stimulation Trials
• Antiseptic Agents
• Delaying Epidural Steroid Injections During an Infection
• Infections/Vaccines
• Preprocedural Hair Removal
• Single Dose and Multi-Dose Vials
• Swabbing Vial Tops
• Corticosteroid Injections and COVID-19 Infection Risk
• Do Corticosteroid Injections for the Treatment of Pain Influence the Efficacy of Adenovirus Vector-Based COVID-19 Vaccines?
• Do Corticosteroid Injections for the Treatment of Pain Influence the Efficacy of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines?

General Procedural Safety

• Informed Consent
• NPO Prior to Interventional Spine Procedures
• Vial Coring
• Routine Intravenous Access for Epidural Steroid Injections Without Sedation
• Conscious Sedation
• Vasovagal Reactions During Interventional Pain Procedures
• Spinal Injections in Immunosuppressed Patients and the Risks Associated with Procedural Care: To Inject or Not to Inject?

Post-Procedure Care

• Bathing and Swimming After Interventional Spine Procedures
• Driving After an Epidural Steroid Injection Without Sedation
• Follow-Up After Epidural Steroid Injections